Fireworks pyrotechnics: 1, pyrotechnic composition, categories and their combustion, explosion reaction characteristics

Composition of pyrotechnic composition, types and characteristics of their combustion and explosive reactions

First, the composition of pyrotechnic composition
Fireworks filled with pyrotechnic composition, sometimes also known as pyrotechnics. Pyrotechnic is mainly composed of oxidants and reducing agents, combustion, explosion can produce sound, light, gas, colour, smoke, gas and other effects of the mixture, commonly known as drugs. The manufacture of pyrotechnics, in fact, is the oxidising agent and combustible material evenly mixed together into a mixture that can burn and explode without the use of oxygen in the air.

Firecracker pyrotechnics

Second, the category of pyrotechnic composition
According to the different effects of pyrotechnic agents used in fireworks, they are divided into the following categories:
(1) power agents
Power agents are pyrotechnic powders that can produce the effects of rotation, lift-off, forward, backward, throwing, spraying and so on. They are mainly composed of potassium nitrate, sulphur, charcoal, etc.
(2) Illuminant
Illuminant is able to produce high-intensity light pyrotechnics. It is mainly composed of magnesium powder (or aluminium alloy powder), barium nitrate, phenolic resin (shellac) and so on.
(3) Coloured luminous agents
-Coloured luminous agents are pyrotechnic substances that can produce colour effects, also called coloured luminous agents. Red luminous agent is mainly composed of potassium perchlorate, strontium nitrate (or strontium carbonate), phenolic resin, green luminous agent is mainly composed of potassium perchlorate, barium nitrate, metal powder, phenolic resin, etc., yellow luminous agent is composed of potassium nitrate (or barium nitrate), sodium carbonate (or strontium carbonate), metal powder, phenolic resin, etc., blue luminous agent is composed of potassium perchlorate, copper carbonate, mineral blue, sulphuric acid and so on, and white luminous agent is composed of potassium nitrate, barium nitrate, metal powder, phenol resin. white luminous agent consists of potassium nitrate, barium nitrate, metal powder, phenolic resin and so on.
(4) Combustion agent
Incendiary agent is the effect produced by the thermal effect of the main pyrotechnic, divided into metal incendiary agent, petroleum incendiary agent, petroleum and metal fuel mixture incendiary agent, yellow phosphorus incendiary agent and metal organic compounds such as incendiary agent.
(5) delay agent
Deferred agent is a pyrotechnic agent by controlling the burning time and producing the required interval. Usually black powder series formula, used to make fuse, fuse, etc..
(6) Whistling Agents
Whistling agent is also known as flute sound agent, is the burning of a pleasant whistle or flute sound pyrotechnics, by the agent is ignited when the intermittent rapid combustion vibration generated by the whistling sound. Mainly composed of potassium perchlorate, potassium benzoate, potassium hydrogen phthalate, phenolic resins and so on.
(7) explosive sound agent
Explosive agent is capable of producing explosive effects of pyrotechnics, fireworks production is mainly used in the production of firecrackers and products with sound. Mainly composed of potassium chlorate, trisulfide ladder, metal powder and so on.
(8) smoke agent
Smoke agent is borrowed oxidants and combustibles burning heat released to sublimate the various colours of dyes to generate coloured smoke pyrotechnics. Orange smoke agent is mainly composed of potassium perchlorate, rose essence, orange dye, etc. Green smoke agent is mainly composed of potassium perchlorate, salt base light yellow, hypromellose blue, phenolic resin, etc. Green smoke agent is mainly composed of potassium perchlorate, salt base light yellow, azo dyes, phenolic resin, etc. Blue smoke agent is composed of potassium perchlorate, hypromellose blue, phenolic resin, etc.
(9) Friction agent
Friction agent is the use of agent friction easy to fire characteristics to produce a variety of effects of pyrotechnic agents.
-Mainly used in pulling guns, striking guns and other products. As the agent is very sensitive to mechanical action, special attention should be paid to safety in production. It is mainly composed of potassium chlorate and antimony sulphide.
(10) Ignition agent
Ignition agent is also called ignition agent, with the burning of the high temperature generated to ignite fireworks pyrotechnics. It is mainly composed of potassium nitrate, magnesium powder (barium nitrate) and phenolic resin.

Third, pyrotechnic combustion, explosion reaction characteristics
analysed from the perspective of solid chemistry, pyrotechnic combustion, explosion reaction has the following three
characteristics:
(1) self-supply of oxygen redox reaction. General combustible material combustion to the oxygen in the air as an oxidant. Monolithic explosives (such as TNT, black soxhlet) molecules themselves are composed of combustible parts and combustion-assisted oxygen, their explosion is the decomposition of the material itself as a result of redox reactions, do not need to provide oxygen from the outside world. Fireworks products in the pyrotechnic composition is a uniform mixture of combustible substances and oxidants, its combustion, explosion of oxygen required, most of which is provided by the oxidant. Therefore, pyrotechnic burning can not be extinguished by asphyxiation.
(2) chemical reaction in the solid state. General combustible material combustion, is the result of a violent chemical reaction with the oxygen in the air.
(3) combustion and explosion process is a chain reaction. Chemical reaction between solid and solid, there must be certain trigger conditions. When pyrotechnics by the external role of energy excitation, in the pyrotechnic local "hot spot", a small amount of solid material molecules react quickly, the release of reaction heat, reaction heat caused by other molecules in the vicinity of the rapid chemical reaction. The result of the chain reaction, so that all pyrotechnics in a very short period of time to complete the reaction explosion.This article comes from: https://fireworkslit.com/Fireworkslit-https://fireworkslit.com/fireworks-pyrotechnics-1-pyrotechnic-composition-categories-and-their-combustion-explosion-reaction-characteristics/

IV. National regulations on the sensitivity of pyrotechnic formulations
According to the relevant state regulations, the following drugs and formulations are prohibited for use in fireworks:
(1) Potassium chlorate shall not be used as an oxidising agent in pyrotechnics. Single shot charge greater than 0.05 grams of firecrackers, potassium chlorate shall not be used as a bursting agent; single shot charge less than 0.05 grams of
firecrackers, such as the use of potassium chlorate as a detonating agent, the proportion of its formula is generally controlled at 20%, the highest shall not exceed 28.6%.
(2) firecrackers prohibited the use of andrographis and potassium chlorate, antimony sulphide and potassium chlorate, and shall not use red phosphorus.
(3) It is strictly prohibited to use the heat sensitivity to heat within five seconds below 200 ℃ can be deflagration of any formula for the production of fireworks.
(4) strictly prohibit the use of impact sensitivity of 40 cm / 5 kg, the explosion rate of more than 60% of the formula; friction sensitivity pressure of 2 kg / cm2, swing angle of 80 °, the explosion rate of more than 60% of the formula production of fireworks.
(5) prohibit the use of toxic raw materials or combustion of raw materials to produce toxic gases.This article comes from: https://fireworkslit.com/Fireworkslit-https://fireworkslit.com/fireworks-pyrotechnics-1-pyrotechnic-composition-categories-and-their-combustion-explosion-reaction-characteristics/ This article comes from: https://fireworkslit.com/Fireworkslit-https://fireworkslit.com/fireworks-pyrotechnics-1-pyrotechnic-composition-categories-and-their-combustion-explosion-reaction-characteristics/